منابع مشابه
Somatic Hypermutation, Transcription, and DNA Mismatch Repair
hypermutation, suggesting that cis-acting sequences outside the mutable region regulate and target mutation. However, almost nothing is known about the detailed molecular mechanisms or transacting proteins that are responsible for V-region hypermutation. Because the mutational process begins just downstream of the promoter and requires transcriptional en-hancers (Neuberger et al., 1998), it has...
متن کاملDNA polymerase ι functions in the generation of tandem mutations during somatic hypermutation of antibody genes
DNA polymerase ι (Pol ι) is an attractive candidate for somatic hypermutation in antibody genes because of its low fidelity. To identify a role for Pol ι, we analyzed mutations in two strains of mice with deficiencies in the enzyme: 129 mice with negligible expression of truncated Pol ι, and knock-in mice that express full-length Pol ι that is catalytically inactive. Both strains had normal fre...
متن کاملError-prone DNA repair activity during somatic hypermutation in shark B lymphocytes.
Sharks are representatives of the earliest vertebrates that possess an immune system utilizing V(D)J recombination to generate Ag receptors. Their Ab repertoire diversity is based in part on a somatic hypermutation process that introduces adjacent nucleotide substitutions of 2-5 bp. We have isolated mutant nonfunctional Ig rearrangements and intronic flank sequences to characterize the nonselec...
متن کاملThe Role of DNA Repair in Somatic Hypermutation of Immunoglobulin Genes
I mmunoglobulin (Ig) genes are first modified through the V(D)J (V, variable; D, diversity; J, joining) recombina-tion process in pre–B cells. The Rag1/Rag2-dependent V(D)J recombination generates a large repertoire of B lym-phocytes, each expressing a unique antibody molecule. Rearranged Ig genes are further modified by the somatic hypermu-tation process in activated germinal center B lymphocy...
متن کاملTrends in antibody sequence changes during the somatic hypermutation process.
Probable germline gene sequences from thousands of aligned mature Ab sequences are inferred using simple computational matching to known V(D)J genes. Comparison of the germline to mature sequences in a structural region-dependent fashion allows insights into the methods that nature uses to mature Abs during the somatic hypermutation process. Four factors determine the residue type mutation patt...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Trends in Immunology
سال: 2006
ISSN: 1471-4906
DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2006.05.001